The sanctuary of
Athena Pronaia is the first that would met the ancient
visitor, as the present one, as he comes via land to the
Delphi. This fact gave also the name to the temple as
pronaia means that her temple is found before the temple
of Apollo in the main sanctuary.
And this sanctuary is surrounded by surrounding wall of
the classic years in which the sacred buildings are
enclosed as well as a part of a smaller archaic wall
which is a rare example polygonal wall building. The
surrounding wall has here openings for access from all
the sides. And here the evidence of worship is related
to the last Mycenaean period due to female figurines
that were found under the archaic temple and the altars.
Entering the temple we see on the left about two small
archaic buildings that consider to be treasures. Right
to us exists a total of altars that most belongs in 6th
cent B.C. The large one belongs to the temple of Athena
while the smallest, according to the inscriptions found,
are of Zeus, Athena, the Eileithyias and Ygeias
(Health).
The first large building of the sanctuary is an archaic
temple of Athena. The one that we see in front of us
built at the end of 6th c.B.C. was Dorian peripteral
with 6 x 12 columns and had embossed metopes and relief
sculptures of which where saved only little pieces. It
is interesting that in its foundations found built
column parts that belonged to an older temple, of middle
7th cent. which is one of the older monumental temples
of ancient Greek architecture. The temple that we see
should also have been destroyed in the big earthquake of
373 B.C. when it begun to built the new temple of Athena
in the western side of the sanctuary.
After the archaic temple, we see the ruins of two small
buildings which are considered to be treasures. The
first is dorian dated in the beginnings of 5th cent B.C.
and the second is perhaps Massaliote's tribute, ionic,
was built around in 530, and was a thin building with a
lot of embossed jewels.
And now we are faced with the 3 erected columns of the
famous Delphi tholos. It is circular building of
diameter 13,50m. which is dated in the beginning of 4th
cent. B.C. It had stone foundations and marble at the
upper case part of the building. On a three level
crepidoma (base) was standing a circular cella which was
externally surrounded by 20 dorian columns. In the
interior 10 engaged corinthian columns among the
earliest examples of this type, were resting lightly to
the walls. Between the external columns and the walls of
the cella existed narrow path with delicate decorative
roof. Above the outer colonnade rested epistyle with
frieze of triglyphs and metopes with relief
representations from the fight of Greeks with the
Amazons (today in the museum).
The use of tholos, as all the circular buildings in
Greek sactuaries, remains still dark even it is supposed
that is related with chthonian cults.
Westwards tholos we see the foundations of a newer
temple of Athina that was built around 370 B.C. It was
Dorian also but no peripteral, and had 6 columns only in
the facade. In the depth of cella a pedestal for statues
that were placed in the roman age for the adoration of
Roman emperors. This temple partially stands on the
neighboring building the use of which has not yet been
declared cleared - is considered either house of priests
or restaurant.
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